This is a guest post by Stephen Welch. He is an expert in communication, HR and professional change. Stephen is the Director and Co-founder of Archetypical Ltd, the company behind Corporate Snakes and Career Ladders, a new approach to learning through play. He is also a visiting lecturer at the University of London. You can find Stephen’s LinkedIn profile here.
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It’s time to change the rules of presenting.
We’ve all been to too many dull events where it seems that presenters deliberately set out to minimize their impact.
You know the old joke: the PowerPoint presentation had no power and no point.
When you are at a conference or giving a speech, what can you do to “break the pattern” and make an impact?
So, let’s break the pattern and learn lessons from other professions. Today, we’re going to learn presentation tips from the world of music and the tricks composers and songwriters use to grab—and keep—your attention.
“Breaking the pattern” can be a key tool in the presenter’s armoury as a way of suddenly doing something that is unexpected or different. Musicians have been doing this for a long time with key changes. And so, inspired by the case of Joseph Haydn’s Surprise Symphony, this post has a musical theme. (I was always told that Haydn inserted the “surprises” to break the classical patterns and make sure his audience didn’t fall asleep—so just as relevant to us presenters!) Each of the six techniques is therefore named after a widely recognized musical technique:
- Overture
- Key change
- Rest bars
- Intermission
- The instrumental solo
- Encore
1) Overture
Many people would say that you shouldn’t break the pattern at the very beginning of your presentation. At least at the start, conventional wisdom suggests, you should conform to expectations. And while it is true that you should go some way to meeting people’s expectations, there is still scope to avoid the cliché of walking up to the podium and starting your talk.
Options here could include a short video, some uplifting music, maybe a provocative question? (TED talks often use this technique.) And who says you have to start at the front of the room? I once coached a CEO who was doing an all-staff meeting. Big room. Several hundred people at round tables.
Instead of the normal approach, we agreed that he would start at the back of the room and slowly walk forward stopping to say thank you to various employees as he went along. It was personal, dramatic, and impactful.
Another overture can be to arouse curiosity. I’m a director of Archetypical. We regularly run a business simulation called Corporate Snakes and Career Ladders where we put various materials around the room and sealed envelopes on tables. This gets people wondering – and talking with each other and sets the scenes for some collaborative discussions.
Lastly, ‘Chekhov’s Gun’. Read on to find out what this means.
2) Key change
In a previous article I wrote on storytelling I talked about changing tone or lowering your voice. Speeding up. Slowing down. Staccato sentences. Or longer more discursive ones that help cover more nuanced ground. You also have the option of turning the projector off (do you prefer using the B button or the W button?). Walk to a different part of the stage.
The purpose of this technnique is to signal a different section of your speech. You are saying “this point is important so I’m going to emphasise it”. Key changes help you recapture your audience’s attention. By breaking the pattern, you are asking your audience to re-tune and re-connect with your content. As I mentioned, composers have known this for a long time and use this technique to introduce light and shade in their material. Now you can too.
3) Rest bars
Silence. The under-rated instrument in the composer’s toolkit.
Pauses have power.
Putting a rest bar or a caesura in your speech can help a key point land fully in people’s mind. It gives them a chance to think about what you have just said and maybe even write it down or take a picture of your screen.
A couple of months ago I was presenting at a conference and had a slide with various builds. People started taking pictures and I told them to wait until the whole slide was on the screen. When we got to the end of that section (or “movement” if we are in a classical music world), I paused and gave them a couple of minutes to take photos as they pleased. (This also qualified under “intermission”, see below.)
Don’t rush the audience.
The challenge is that it is scary just to stand there in front of everyone, doing nothing. My best tip is to put your water at the other side of the stage and extend your pauses by having to go and get a drink at key points. I once had to present to an audience of 200. On a bare stage – no podium, table or anything. So I had to put my water bottle at the back of the stage, far from the spot I was talking from. At one point I ended a big section with some key points and an arresting visual. By coincidence, at that point I needed a drink. It took me about 10 seconds to go to the back of the stage, have my drink, and return to the front. The feedback I had was that my accidental pause turned out to be very powerful.
4) The instrumental solo (or middle eight)
It doesn’t always have to be you presenting. Can you include something in a different media? A video vox pop? A brief segment from someone else? Interactive audience voting? Music? Any of these options will break the pattern.
Seeing as we are on a musical theme, let me tell you about a time I used music itself in a presentation about leadership styles. My talk was on the different ways in which leaders can lead and I wanted real-life examples that people could relate to. So I turned it into a bit of a musical quiz and played a piece of music associated with each real-life leader. We turned the volume up high and once enough people had put up their hand to say they knew who it was, we turned it off and I went back into ‘normal’ mode talking about that leader for a bit, and then moved on to the next piece of music and the next leader. The moment I kicked off that whole segment with “we’re going to have a music quiz” I’d broken the pattern.
Recently, I also used music to illustrate a key point and event got the audience to participate in a sing-along to this.
5) Intermission
Most concerts have an intermission. Why can’t you? Of course, your speech is unlikely to be 2-3 hours long so no time for ice creams and toilet breaks. How to adapt the idea to fit the context of a shorter speech? Here are two ideas:
- Who says you have to leave questions to the end? Why not stop at a certain point, turn the house lights up, and invite questions half way through? I’ll come back to this issue under “Encore” below.
- Make the audience do some short activity. Stand up and stretch. Introduce themselves to their neighbour. Maybe you have a handout or something. A little bit of movement is good.
By having a little intermission or break in your talk you are deciding the moment that it is “OK” for the audience to stop paying attention for a little bit. If you don’t choose this moment, they will likely do it for you by getting out their phones and checking emails or whatever. An intermission will break the pattern and allow your audience to go into ‘neutral’ for a bit and then re-engage when you (and they) are ready.
Also (and this is secret), it gives you, the presenter, a little break, too.
6) Encore
All great shows end with a bang. The band’s biggest hit, the comedian’s best joke, or maybe a climactic ending, with live cannons. And yet how many times have you seen a presenter dribble to a feeble close… “any more questions? … no? … well I guess that’s it then … um … thanks …”? And while you are probably expecting too much if you think you can walk off the stage and be called back for an encore, there are a couple of things you can do to ensure you end with a memorable bang.
- As mentioned above, don’t have questions at the very end. Even if the structure of your presentation lends itself to a main talk and then a Q&A, take the stage back for the last couple of minutes of your slot to ensure you end on a high note.
- Go back to your original opening (deliver on your foreshadowing). Comedians do this a lot whereby their final joke is often the climax of something they’ve been setting up the whole time. Or at least has been signalled in advance. In literature, this is known as Chekhov’s Gun. Place something at the beginning of your talk and then the audience will know you aren’t done until you ‘fire the gun’. (Of course my reference to this in my ‘overture’ was in itself an example of foreshadowing!)
Conclusion
By using one or more of these techniques you can “break the pattern” and keep your audience alert, thereby increasing the power and impact of your messages. Let me know in the comments below how you get on and what has worked for you.
